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Download USB Mass Storage Device for Windows to uSB driver. Download USB Mass Storage Device for Windows to uSB driver. Realtek USB 2.0 Card Reader. The package provides the installation files for Alcor Micro USB 2.0 Card Reader Driver version 1.0.145.40103. If the driver is already installed on your system, updating (overwrite-installing) may fix various issues, add new functions, or just upgrade to the available version. Windows 10, 32-bit. Windows 10, 64-bit. Windows 8.1, 32-bit. 27 more: 1.5 Latest: 1/8/2021: Intel® Memory and Storage Tool (GUI) The Intel® Memory and Storage Tool (Intel® MAS) is a drive management tool for Intel® SSDs and Intel® Optane™ Memory devices, supported on Windows. Software: Windows 10, 32-bit. Windows 10, 64-bit. Windows 8.1.

Secure Digital (SD) card technology began with portable, miniature memory cards, but with the release of the Secure Digital I/O (SDIO) specification, the Secure Digital Association (SDA) has broadened the definition of SD technology to include a large variety of card functions, such as Bluetooth devices, video cameras, Wireless LAN devices, and Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. This document explains how the operating system supports the card function extensions to SD technology.

Card readers for many early SD storage devices were designed to connect to the USB bus. Windows manages these devices with the USB mass storage driver (usbstor.sys) and the native storage class driver (disk.sys), as depicted in the following diagram:

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For a more complete description of the device stack that Windows creates for a memory card that connects to the USB bus, see Device Object Example for a USB Mass Storage Device.

The operating system provides support for SD host controllers that connect directly to the PCI bus. When the system enumerates an SD host controller, it loads a native SD bus driver (sdbus.sys). If a user inserts an SD memory card, Windows loads a native SD storage class driver (sffdisk.sys) and storage miniport driver (sffp_sd.sys) on top of the bus driver. If a user inserts an SD card with a different kind of function, such as GPS or wireless LAN, Windows loads a vendor-supplied driver for the device.

All device drivers in the SD stack, whether native or vendor-supplied, must communicate with the SD bus driver by calling routines in the static SD bus library (sdbus.lib). SD drivers must link to this library when they compile. The following diagram depicts the SD driver stack that the system creates when it enumerates an SD controller and accompanying cards:

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SD device drivers cannot directly access the host-controller register set, nor can they embed pass-through commands for the host controller in I/O request packets (IRPs). SD device drivers issue commands to the host controller by calling the SD bus library routines, and then the library generates the appropriate SD commands for the host controller.

SD device drivers must handle standard PnP and power IRPs, but they do not request or manage hardware resources, such as ports, memory, or interrupt vectors. Consequently, SD device drivers are not required to map any hardware resources when handling an IRP_MN_START_DEVICE request. However, when an SD device driver receives an IRP_MN_STOP_DEVICE request, it must stop all I/O operations. Furthermore, the driver must close its interface to the SD bus driver in response to an IRP_MN_QUERY_REMOVE_DEVICE request.

When a hardware interrupt occurs, the SD bus library intercepts the interrupt, masks out further interrupts, and notifies the SD device driver by means of a callback routine that a hardware interrupt has occurred. For a description of the callback routine that the bus driver uses to notify an SD device driver of hardware interrupts, see PSDBUS_CALLBACK_ROUTINE. For a general explanation of how the SD driver stack and libraries manage hardware interrupts, see Handling Secure Digital (SD) Hardware Interrupts.

The ntddsd.h header file, which is provided in the Windows Driver Kit (WDK), declares the prototypes for the routines exposed by the SD bus library.

Important

This topic is for programmers. If you are a customer experiencing USB problems, see Troubleshoot common USB problems

This topic lists the Microsoft-provided drivers for the supported USB device classes.

• Microsoft-provided drivers for USB-IF approved device classes.
• For composite devices, use USB Generic Parent Driver (Usbccgp.sys) that creates physical device objects (PDOs) for each function.
• For non-composite devices or a function of a composite device, use WinUSB (Winusb.sys).

If you are installing USB drivers: You do not need to download USB device class drivers. They are installed automatically. These drivers and their installation files are included in Windows. They are available in the WindowsSystem32DriverStoreFileRepository folder. The drivers are updated through Windows Update.

If you are writing a custom driver: Before writing a driver for your USB device, determine whether a Microsoft-provided driver meets the device requirements. If a Microsoft-provided driver is not available for the USB device class to which your device belongs, then consider using generic drivers, Winusb.sys or Usbccgp.sys. Write a driver only when necessary. More guidelines are included in Choosing a driver model for developing a USB client driver.

USB Device classes

USB Device classes are categories of devices with similar characteristics and that perform common functions. Those classes and their specifications are defined by the USB-IF. Each device class is identified by USB-IF approved class, subclass, and protocol codes, all of which are provided by the IHV in device descriptors in the firmware. Microsoft provides in-box drivers for several of those device classes, called USB device class drivers. If a device that belongs to a supported device class is connected to a system, Windows automatically loads the class driver, and the device functions with no additional driver required.

Hardware vendors should not write drivers for the supported device classes. Windows class drivers might not support all of the features that are described in a class specification. If some of the device's capabilities are not implemented by the class driver, vendors should provide supplementary drivers that work in conjunction with the class driver to support the entire range of functionality provided by the device.

For general information about USB-IF approved device classes see the USB Common Class Specification

The current list of USB class specifications and class codes is documented in the USB-IF Defined Class Code List.

Device setup classes

Windows categorizes devices by device setup classes, which indicate the functionality of the device.

Microsoft defines setup classes for most devices. IHVs and OEMs can define new device setup classes, but only if none of the existing classes apply. For more information, see System-Defined Device Setup Classes.

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Two important device setup classes for USB devices are as follows:

• USBDevice {88BAE032-5A81-49f0-BC3D-A4FF138216D6}: IHVs must use this class for custom devices that do not belong to another class. This class is not used for USB host controllers and hubs.

• USB {36fc9e60-c465-11cf-8056-444553540000}: IHVs must not use this class for their custom devices. This is reserved for USB host controllers and USB hubs.

The device setup classes are different from USB device classes discussed earlier. For example, an audio device has a USB device class code of 01h in its descriptor. When connected to a system, Windows loads the Microsoft-provided class driver, Usbaudio.sys. In Device Manager, the device is shown under is Sound, video and game controllers, which indicates that the device setup class is Media.

Microsoft-provided USB device class drivers

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